So in this module, we're gonna work a little bit with creating vector data.
In particular, we're gonna start out with a scanned soil map and we're gonna
convert it from a raster scanned image that doesn't really have any attribute
data to a final polygon vector data file that covers the entire area, and has
the relevant information associated with each individual polygon in that, in that soil map.
Let's go ahead and start up ArcMap, start a blank document,
And then you'll notice that pretty much the only thing we
have is a soils layer here as a jpg raster image that is a soils map.
So, we're gonna go ahead and add that in.
If you need to go ahead and connect a folder to get to your Demo06 folder,
and then soils Notre Dame.jpg is the one that we're gonna add in.
So, you notice that we do have coordinates, they show up properly.
These are UTM coordinates in meters, and what we have across the entire
region here is individual soils with a code associated with each one and
then both an index by color and then labels of each one that's on there.
So, what we want to do is digitize this so that we can query a particular spot and
it would tell us what code it was, was there.
So, the first part that we wanna do.
I still have my Image Analysis window up.
I'm gonna close it.
And the first part that we want to do
is create a new shapefile to hold of these information, all of these data.
Then we're going to start editing that file and
fill in the geometry for each one of these polygons, in addition to creating
something that, that ends up looking properly, both in the table and in the geometry.
So, to create this first shapefile to hold things in,
we're gonna go to this Catalog tab which you should have over here.
And we wanna go through, probably yours may look like this.
You wanna go through Folder Connections if you need to map to something,
connect to something, you would do it here.
But if you've gotten to it already to add in the soils it should be in there.
And you want to go through, if not enough are showing up you can always
right-click and choose Refresh, and we wanna do this in Demo06 data.
We're gonna choose the folder, right-click, go to New, Shapefile.
And we're gonna call this Notre Dame_soils.
Our feature type, it's gonna be polygons, and
we do want to set our coordinate system.
So, we're gonna choose Edit,
then we're gonna go through the same one we usually do for
these, Projected UTM WGS 1984, Northern Hemisphere Zone 16 North.
This guy right here.
And hit OK.
So, we now created a new blank shapefile.
It has nothing in it whatsoever.
Now there's something odd about new blank shapefiles.
Some of you may have gotten used to using this Full Extent tool to get back out
to your full extent.
Go ahead and click that now and notice that it disappears.
Because there are no features in that shapefile, it assumes that it's at
the maximum possible extent, and zooms out so far that you can't see anything.
So you do wanna get in the habit of perhaps using Zoom to Layer on something
that does have data with it.
So, if we open up the Attribute Table here for
NotreDame_soils, you'll notice that what we have is no, no records and
our fields are something that's set, the FID is set by the file type.
The shape would be polygon, we can't change that, ID we could change.
But I think we want something that is that soil code that's in there as well.
So we want to go ahead and add in a new field that we can fill in for
any, any soils that we create.
So we're gonna do that by going into Table Options here,
choosing Add Field, and I'm gonna call it SoilCode. SoilCode
We don't want it to be an integer.
We don't want it to be double.
We don't want it to be a date.
We want it to be text.
Five is probably long enough, but I'm just gonna make it ten characters long so
that I have a little bit of wiggle room if for some reason I'm unsure on something.
Go ahead and hit OK.
So now its showing up, there's still no features in here.
It's just something we need to work on when we add each individual feature in.
Now if you ever go in here to Table Options and Add Field is grayed out,
it probably means that you're already editing.
You can't add new fields while you're editing in RGIS.
You would need to save your edits, stop editing, and then add the field,
and then start editing again.
So, I'm gonna close this Attribute Table, I don't need it at the moment.
And now I'm going to start the editing process, where I would go through and
begin, probably in one of these corners,
creating a new feature that is each one of these polygons.
So I'm gonna right-click on it in the Table of Contents.
Make sure you're working on the shapefile, not the scanned map here.
And go to Edit Features, Start Editing.
I should now get my editing toolbar up.
And I'm pretty much ready to go.
I'm gonna dock mine right here.
I had a lot of different tools on here.
I can stop and save my edits in here.
Saving edits is really important, nothing is permanent until you save it.
If your computer crashes before you hit Save Edits,
you're gonna lose all of your stuff.
and a few other different things I can do,
most useful this one allows me to cut polygons.
If you have not had windows show up that look like this where it might be
Sketch Properties or Create Features, Create Features is the one you want to do.
It's this one on the end here.
If this is not showing up, make sure you click that.
Then you're gonna click the name of the file over here.
If you had multiple things that were editable, they would show up in here.
And then, you want to start with Polygon.
And I'm just gonna zoom in and as I click once, I'm starting to make that polygon.
And then as I move outward you can see that it's sort doing it as I go.
And when I get to the end of my polygon, I'm just going double-click,
and I now have a new feature that is that particular little section.
Now, I want to probably fill in my attributes around the same time.
I can either have whatever features selected.
If I choose this Attributes tab, it's gonna bring it up right there.
I could also open the Attribute Table and do it,
where I can simply edit whatever that soil code was.
I'm gonna turn it off so I can see it.
And that soil code was capital U, lower case gv, capital D.
Be careful with these.
It'll save you some time later on.
Hit OK.
So that was relatively easy to do, except I couldn't see my soil code very well.
A few things you might want to do to get around that.
You could change it so that it's hollow or
if it has a big fat maybe red border on it.
That still doesn't necessarily make it so you can see what you've done and
what you haven't, so you can always go through and choose one of these other ones
down here that you can kind of see through, things like these flood delays.
I might change my outline color, make it a little bit bigger.
So, now I can see that and I can see through it a little bit.
There's also a transparency setting in Display.
You could leave it as a solid color and make it transparent.
This is the one I like the best to do.
So we talked during the demonstration, or during the lecture section about how you
might do a few different things here.
You may start with one feature and then build out from it.
You may have to cut features up.
But really, this is the key points that you're gonna do here are gonna be
starting from one particular feature and sort of building out from there.
So this is the way we're gonna do it now and
then I'll show you how to do the cutting ones.
This is sort of building by aggregation versus building by deletion or
cutting things apart.
So you wanna perhaps go back to your Create Features tab.
Make sure you're on your soils.
And the biggest issue that we have right off is we don't want to try to repeat
that same edge.
We're gonna overlap, we're not gonna line up very well.
So we wanna make sure we're telling the computer to repeat that same edge,
and we do that with this autocomplete polygon.
If you choose that, you start in one, you work your way around.
Now, some of you guys will probably be extremely, extremely careful with these.
Some of you will probably get further apart and do them kind of jagged.
That's probably two coarse, if I was trying to do it like this,
this would probably be too precise.
So just find a good medium.
I don't want this to take you hours and hours and hours, but I do want you to
spend a little bit of time getting used to how you might go through and click around.
Also, you probably don't wanna do this when your roommate's in the room if
you're working from home,
because I'm sure it gets extremely annoying to hear this clicking over and
over and over again as you work your way around some of these enormous features.
So we're just gonna keep going around.
Probably about this width between points and this level of precision is good.
Don't necessarily worry about getting the individual little changes in geometry.
I'm much more worried you learn how to do this process than you give me the absolute
most perfect soil map that has ever been created.
So once we have this guy done, It should be just in a second here.
So, if you can't see what I'm doing,
when I move it like this I'm holding down that center mouse button.
That lets me have the tool as a hand,
makes it a lot easier than trying to zoom in and out on them.
So once I reach my other end,
I'm not gonna try to repeat the parts that are in there.
I just wanna start and stop someplace that it's known.
So, I started there.
I'm stopping here.
Now, I can double-click, and it'll fill in that same edge there for me and
give me that whole feature that I just did.
Now, let's say I'd made a really big mistake in there, let's find it.
I really wanted to have that piece back out there.
Now, if I use this tool on the editing tool bar, I can double-click.
And that'll let me get to the individual vertices and
I can drag that thing back out.
Do be careful in here though, it's very easy to move the entire polygon, and
that's not what you wanna do.
You wanna move the individual vertices.
Then you simply click outside of the one that you've worked on and it'll save it.
But it won't save it permanently, and so you go up and choose Editor > Save As.
Now I'm gonna go back to my Attributes on this one, select it.
That is UgvC.
And if I wanted to keep working on new ones, I could do that pretty easily.
So, let's say I wanted to do this UgvB right here.
So I'm gonna go back to Create Features.
I'm gonna select it there.
I'm gonna do Auto Complete.
Starting with a known point, going across,
Up and around, Ending with a known point.
It fills it in for me.
Switch over to Attributes, UgvB.
Now, you probably noticed pretty quickly that I skipped this little pink guy
right there.
I made a mistake on that pink one.
Now what could I do to cut that out of there?
Well, fortunately, there is a cut tool.
So, as long as I have this thing selected, I can use this Cut Polygons Tool
as long as I start outside of the feature that's selected.
And end outside of the feature that's selected.
I can cut it out.
It's gonna give it the same code that I had before.
So I'd wanna go figure out what that particular pink one was,
probably by looking at another pink one, and change the soil code.
But the actual piece itself is now a separate polygon.
Now what about something like right here,
where I have one that's entirely within this other one.
I do the same thing with the cutting of polygons,
I just do it in a little bit different of a way.
So for your purposes,
you're probably gonna wanna use Auto Complete all the way throughout.
I'm not going to for this one just cuz I'm gonna create to this one feature and
cut that other one out of it.
So I'm gonna use the original polygon tool again.
I'm just going to create this one big one here.
Now I'm sure that everyone is dreading the assignment for this,
to complete this soil map.
And it will be a little bit of a challenge, but I encourage you to
stick with it because learning how to do these vectorization skills,
these conversion skills, is really a very useful part of GIS.
And it's something you really only get good at through repetition.
So there's my big feature, and what I wanna do is cut out just this little one.
So as long as it's selected, just like that, I use the same selection tool.
And it can be pretty hard to go through, if you mess one up,
you can always hit Ctrl+Z to go backwards.
In that case, it's snapped to the edge and I don't want it to do that.
It can be pretty hard to make sure that they overlap properly.
They have to start and stop across the edges from each other.
That case, I got it.
What you can also do, if you need to, is sort of start well outside of it.
Do your thing like that, and then cross the last one back over.
So, what that'll do is it will cut it out just like that.
So this case, I've messed up a little bit here.
I have one cut out that I didn't need to.
I can also do what's called a merge.
So if I have two things selected, the little piece there and the big one,
I can go to Edit, Merge, it'll ask me which one I want to be the dominant one.
Now they become one polygon.
Well, that's useful if you accidentally cut something out, but it's actually
extremely useful if you have some of these really, really enormous ones.
So let's just find something really long.
Sometimes you'll get beachy things that look like this.
It would be a real pain to have to outline this entire one.
So what I might be able to do, again, you're probably not gonna
use this original polygon tool very often beyond the first one,
but I'm just doing it for teaching purposes.
Is I have one like this, so
I've artificially put a boundary in there that doesn't really exist.
Then I might auto complete a little bit more of it on down.
Cut it off again.
Come back, create two polygons that should really be one.
If I select both of those, I can go to Editor, Merge, and
connect them back together, so now they're one.
So I can just keep building it that way.
So that's another way that you could build some of these big complicated ones.
So I encourage you to play around a little bit with different ways of doing these.
Try to get the codes correct.
They're almost always capital letter, some lower case letters, and
then capital letter.
Because we're gonna need those codes to be correct to add the rest of the information
on in the following module.
Make sure you go to Editor, Save Edits periodically.
When you're totally done, stop editing.
Save your file frequently.
You don't wanna lose the information that you've done so far.
Once you're completed, we'll be ready for the next demonstration.
But do look through the notes that I've given you for this one because there
are a few other kind of quick time saving techniques that might be useful.
Obviously, I'm not gonna record a video of me doing the entire thing.
That would be possibly the most mind-numbingly boring thing I could do.
But if you do have any questions as you're building your polygons across,
do not hesitate to contact me with them,.
Good luck.